Publications

2008

  1. Emamaullee JA, Davis J, Pawlick R, Merani S, Cai S, Tseng B, Shapiro AMJ. The caspase selective inhibitor EP1013 augments human islet graft function and longevity in marginal mass islet transplantation in mice. Published ahead of print, Diabetes, March 20, 2008.

2007

  1. Shapiro AMJ, Bowker S, Dinyari P, Paty B, Ryan EA, Senior P, Johnson JA. Quality of Life After Islet Transplant: Impact of the Number of Islet Infusions and Metabolic Outcome. Transplantation 2007;84(5):664-666.
  2. Campbell PM, Senior PA, Salam A, LaBranche K, Bigam DL, Kneteman NM, Imes S, Halpin A, Ryan EA, Shapiro AMJ. High Risk of Sensitization After Failed Islet Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2007;7(10):2311-2317
  3. Lakey JRT, Kin T, Warnock GL, Shapiro AMJ, Tsapongas P, Imes S, Korbutt GS, Kneteman NM, Rajotte RV, Ryan EA. Long-Term Graft Function After Allogeneic Islet Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2007;16(4):441-446.
  4. Campbell PM, Salam A, Ryan EA, Senior P, Paty BW, Bigam D, McCready T, Halpin A, Imes S, Al Saif F, Lakey JRT, Shapiro AMJ. Pretransplant HLA Antibodies Are Associated with Reduced Graft Survival After Clinical Islet Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2007;7:1242-1248.
  5. Kin T, Rosichuk S, Shapiro AM, Lakey JR. Detection of microbial contamination during human islet isolation. Cell Transplant 2007;16(1):9-13.
  6. MWalter M, McDonald CG, Paty BW, Shapiro AMJ, Ryan EA, Senior PA. Prevalence of autoimmune diseases in islet transplant candidates with severe hypoglycaemia and glycaemic lability: previously undiagnosed celiac and autoimmune thyroid disease is identified by screening. Diabetic Medicine 2007;24:161-165.
  7. Suchak AA, O’Kelly K, Al Saif F, Shapiro AMJ, Owen RJ. Hepatic Artery-Portal Venous Fistula After Percutaneous Intraportal Islet Cell Transplant. (Letter to the Editor) Transplantation 2007;83(5):669-670.
  8. Kin T, Zhai X, Murdoch TB, Salam A, Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JRT. Enhancing the Success of Human Islet Isolation Through Optimization and Characterization of Pancreas Dissociation Enzyme. Am J Transplant 2007;7:1-8.
  9. Senior PA, Zeman M, Paty BW, Ryan EA, Shapiro AMJ. Changes in Renal Function after Clinical Islet Transplantation: Four-Year Observational Study. Am J Transplant 2007;7:91-98.
  10. SKin T, Johnson PRV, Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JRT. Factors Influencing the Collagenase Digestion Phase of Human Islet Isolation. Transplantation 2007;83:7-12.

2006

  1. Matsumoto S, Okitsu T, Iwanaga Y, Noguchi H, Nagata H, Yonekawa Y, Liu X, Kamiya H, Ueda M, Hatanaka N, Kobayashi N, Yamada Y, Miyakawa S, Seino Y, Shapiro AMJ and Tanaka K. Follow-up Study of the First Successful Living Donor Islet Transplantation. Transplantation 2006;82(12): 1629–1633
  2. Kin T, Mirbolooki M, Salehi P, Tsukada M, O’Gorman D, Imes S, Ryan EA, Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JRT. Islet Isolation and Transplantation Outcomes of Pancreas Preserved with University of Wisconsin Solution Versus Two-Layer Method Using Peroxygenated Perfluorocarbon. Transplantation 2006;82(10:1286-1290
  3. Shapiro AMJ, Ricordi C, Hering BJ, Auchincloss H, Lindblad R, Robertson RP, Secchi A, Brendel MD, Berney T, Brennan DC, Cagliero E, Alejandro R, Ryan EA, Diercurio B, Morel P, Polonsky KS, Reems J, Bretzel RG, Bertuzzi F, Froud T, Kandaswamy R, Sutherland DER, EisenbarthG, Segal M, Preiksaitis J, Korbutt GS, Barton FB, Viviano L, Seyfert-Margolis V, Bluestone J, Lakey JRT. International Multicenter Trial of Islet Transplantation with the Edmonton Protocol in Type 1 Diabetes. New Engl J Med 2006;355(13)1318-30. Editorial by Dr. J.S. Bromberg.
  4. Berney T, Mamin A, Shapiro AMJ, Ritz-Laser B, Brulhart M-C, Toso C, Demyulder-Mischler S, Armanet M, Baertschiger R, Wojtusciszyn A, Benhamou P-Y, Bosco D, Morel P, Philippe J. Detection of Insulin mRNA in the Peripheral Blood After Human Islet Transplantation Predicts Deterioration of Metabolic Control. Am J Transplant 2006;6:1704-1711.
  5. Paty BW, Senior PA, Lakey JFRT, Shapiro AMJ, Ryan EA. Assessment of Glycemic Control After Islet Transplantation Using the Continuous Glucose Monitor in insulin-Independent Versus Insulin-Requiring Type 1 Diabetes Subjects. Diabetes Technol Ther 2006;8(2):165-172.
  6. Alsaif F, Molinari M, Al-Masloom A, Lakey JRT, Kin T, Shapiro AMJ. Pancreatic Islet Autotransplantation with Completion Pancreatectomy in the Management of Uncontrolled Pancreatic Fistula After Whipple Resection for Ampullary Adenocarcinoma (Letter to the Editor). Pancreas 2006;32(4):430-431.
  7. Mirbolooki M, Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JRT. A Perspective on Clinical Islet Transplantation: Past, Present and Developments for Future. Immun. Endoc & Metab. Agents in Med. Chem 2006;6:191-208.
  8. Salehi P, Mirbolooki M, Kin T, Tsujimura T, Shapiro AM, Churchill TA, Lakey JR. Ameliorating injury during preservation and isolation of human islets using the two-layer method with perfluorocarbon and UW solution. Cell Transplant 2006;15(2):187-94.
  9. Merani S, Shapiro AMJ. Current Status of pancreatic islet transplantation. Clin Sci 2006;110:611-625.
  10. Kin T, Murdoch TB, Shapiro AM, Lakey JR. Estimation of pancreas weight from donor variables. Cell Transplant. 2006;15(2):181-185.
  11. Shapiro AMJ. Transplanting Islets for Diabetes (Feature Article). Scientist. 2006;20(5):43.
  12. Truong W, Shapiro AMJ. Progress in Islet Transplantation in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Treat Endocrinol. 2006;5(3):147-158.
  13. Ryan EA, Bigam D, Shapiro AM. Current indications for pancreas or islet transplant. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2006;8(1):1-7.
  14. Seeberger KL, Dufour JM, Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JR, Rajotte RV, Korbutt GS. Expansion of mesenchymal stem cells from human pancreatic ductal epithelium. Lab Invest. 2006;86;141-153.
  15. Nanji SA, Shapiro AM. Advances in pancreatic islet transplantation in humans. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2006; 8(1):15-25.

2005

  1. Villiger P, Ryan E, Owen R, O’Kelly K, Oberholzer J, Al Saif F, Kin T, Wang H, Larsen I, Blitz SL, Menon V, Senior P, Bigam DL, Paty BW, Kneteman NM, Lakey JRT, Shapiro AMJ. Prevention of Bleeding After Islet Transplantation – Lessons Learned from a Multivariate Analysis of 132 Cases at a Single Institution. Am J Transpl 2005;5: 2992-2998.
  2. O’Gorman D, Kin T, Murdoch T, Richer B, McGhee-Wilson D, Ryan EA, Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JR. The Standardization of Pancreatic Donors for Islet Isolations. Transplantation2005 Sep 27;80(6):801-6.
  3. Barnett MJ, Zhai XW, Legatt DF, Cheng SB, Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JR. Quantitative Assessment of Collagenase Blends for Human Islet Isolation. Transplantation 2005; 80 (6): 723.
  4. Molinari M, Al-Saif F, Ryan EA, Lakey JRT, Senior PA, Paty BW, Bigam D, Kneteman NM, Shapiro AMJ. Sirolimus-Induced Ulceration of the Small Bowel in Islet Transplant Recipients: Report of Two Cases. Am J Transpl 2005; 5: 1-6.
  5. Senior PA, Paty BW, Cockfield SM, Ryan EA, Shapiro AMJ. Case Report: Proteinuria Developing After Clinical Islet Transplantation Resolves with Sirolimus Withdrawal and Increased Tacrolimus Dosing. Am J Transpl 2005; 5: 2318-2323.
  6. Brennan DC, Shapiro AMJ. Thrombosis and Islet Transplantation – Letter to the Editor. Transplantation 2005; 79(12): 1773.
  7. Luo B, Nanji SA, Schur CD, Pawlick RL, Anderson CC, Shapiro AMJ. Robust Tolerance to Fully Allogeneic Islet Transplants Achieved by Chimerism with Minimal Conditioning. Transplantation 2005; 80: 370-377.
  8. Ryan EA, Paty BW, Senior PA, Bigam D, Al-Fadhli E, Kneteman NM, Lakey JRT, Shapiro AMJ. Five-Year Follow-Up After Clinical Islet Transplantation. Diabetes 2005; 54:2060-2069.
  9. Emamaullee J, Liston P, Korneluk RG, Shapiro AMJ, Elliott JF. XIAP Overexpression in Islet Beta-cells Enhances Engraftment and Minimizes Hypoxia-Reperfusion Injury. Am J Transpl 2005; 5: 1297-1305.
  10. Nanji SA and Shapiro AMJ. Advances in Islet Transplantation in Humans. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 2005; 8 (1), 15-25.
  11. Matsumoto S, Okitsu T, Iwanaga Y, Noguchi H, Nagata H, Yonekawa Y, Yamada Y, Fududa K, Tsukiyama K, Suzuki H, Kawasaki Y, Shimodaira M, Matsuoka K, Shibata T, Kasai Y, Maekawa T, Shapiro AMJ, Tanaka K. Insulin Independence After Living Donor Distal Pancreatectomy and Islet Allo-Transplantation. The Lancet 2005; Published on-line April 19, 2005.
  12. Senior PA, Welsh RC, McDonald CG, Paty BW, Shapiro AMJ, Ryan EA. Coronary Artery Disease is Common in Non-Uremic, Asymptomatic Type 1 Diabetic Islet Transplant Candidates. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 866-872.
  13. Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JRT, Paty BW, Senior PA, Bigam DL, Ryan EA. Strategic Opportunities in Clinical Islet Transplantation. Transplantation 2005; 79(10); 1304-1307.
  14. Ryan EA, Paty BW, Senior PA, Lakey JRT, Bigam D, Al-Fadhli E, Shapiro AMJ. b-Score: An Assessment of Beta-Cell Function After Islet Transplantation. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 343-347.
  15. Shapiro AMJ, Gallant HL, Hao EG, Lakey JRT, McCready T, Rajotte RV, Yatscoff RW, Kneteman NM. The Portal Immunosuppressive Storm – Relevance to Islet Transplantation? Ther Drug Mon 2005; 27(1); 35-37.

2004

  1. Shapiro AMJ, Ricordi C. Unraveling the Secrets of Single Donor success in Islet Transplantation. Am J Transpl 2004; 4: 295-8.
  2. Johnson JA, Kotovych M, Ryan EA, Shapiro AMJ. Reduced Fear of Hypoglycemia in Successful Islet Transplantation. Diabetes Care 2004; 27(2): 624-5.
  3. Tsujimura T, Kuroda Y, Churchill TA, Avila JG, Kin T, Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JRT. Short-Term Storage of the Ischemically Damaged Human Pancreas by the Two-Layer Method Prior to Islet Isolation. Cell Transplantation 2004; 13:67-73.
  4. Ryan EA, Shandro T, Green K, Paty BW, Bigam D, Shapiro AMJ, Vantyghem MC. Assessment of the Severity of Hypoglycemia and Glycemic Lability in Type 1 Diabetic Subjects Undergoing Islet Transplantation. Diabetes 2004; 53:955-962.
  5. Rose NL, Palcic MM, Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JRT. Endogenous Pancreatic Enzyme Activity levels Show No Significant Effect on Human Islet Isolation Yield. Cell Transplantation 2004; 13:153-160.
  6. Paty BW, Bonner-Weir S, Laughlin M, McEwan AJ, Shapiro AMJ. Towards Development Of Imaging Modalities For Islets After Transplantation: Insights From The National Institutes Of Health Workshop On Beta Cell Imaging. Transplantation 2004; 77(8):1133-1137.
  7. Street CN, Lakey JRT, Seeberger K, Helms L, Rajotte RV, Shapiro AMJ, Korbutt GS. Heterogenous Expression of Nestin in Human Pancreatic Tissue Precludes Its Use As An Islet Precursor Marker. J Endocrinology 2004; 180: 213-225.
  8. Bhargava R, Senior PA, Ackerman TE, Ryan EA, Paty BW, Lakey JRT, Shapiro AMJ. Prevalence of Hepatic Steatosis After Islet Transplantation and Its Relationship to Graft Function. Diabetes 2004; 53:1311-1317.
  9. Tsujimura T, Kuroda Y, Avila JG, Kin T, Oberholzer J, Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JRT. Influence of Pancreas Preservation on Human Islet Isolation Outcomes: Impact of the Two-Layer Method. Transplantation 2004; 78(1): 96-100.
  10. Brennan DC, Desai N, Shannon MB, Robertson H, O’Brien L, Polonsky KS, Shapiro AMJ. Portal Vein Thrombosis Complicating Islet Transplantation in a Recipient with the Factor V Leiden Mutation. Transplantation 2004; 78(1): 172-173.
  11. Street CN, Lakey JRT, Rajotte RV, Shapiro AMJ, Kieffer TJ, Lyon JG, Kin T, Korbutt GS. Enriched Human Pancreatic Ductal Cultures Obtained from Selective Death of Acinar Cells Express Pancreatic and Duodenal Homeobox Gene-1 Age-Dependently. Rev Diab Stud 2004; 1:66-79.
  12. Senior PA, Shapiro AMJ, Ackerman TE, Ryan EA, Paty BW, Bhargava R. Magnetic Resonance-Defined Perinephric Edema After Clinical Islet Transplantation: A Benign Finding Associated With Mild Renal Impairment. Transplantation 2004; 78(6): 945-948.
  13. McDonald CG, Ryan EA, Paty BW, Senior PA, Marshall SM, Lakey JRT, Shapiro AMJ. Cross-Sectional and Prospective Association Between Proinsulin Secretion and Graft Function After Clinical Islet Transplantation. Transplantation 2004; 78(6): 934-937.
  14. Ryan EA, Paty BW, Senior PA, Shapiro AMJ. Risks and Side Effects of Islet Transplantation. Curr Diab Rep 2004; 4:304-309.
  15. Nanji SA, Shapiro AMJ. Islet Transplantation in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Choice of Immunosuppression. BioDrugs 2004; 18(5):315-328.
  16. Burridge PW, Shapiro AMJ, Ryan EA, Lakey JRT. Clinical Islet Transplantation in The New Millennium. J of the Egypt Soc Endocrin Metab and Diab 2004; 35(1&2):5-10.
  17. Barnett MJ, McGhee-Wilson D, Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JRT. Variation in Human Islet Viability Based on Different Membrane Integrity Stains. Cell Transplantation 2004; 13: 481-488.
  18. Street CN, Lakey JRT, Shapiro AMJ, Imes S, Rajotte RV, Ryan EA, Lyon JG, Kin T, Avila J, Tsujimura T, Korbutt GS. Islet Graft Assessment in the Edmonton Protocol: Implications for predicting long term clinical outcome. Diabetes 2004; 43: 3107-3114.
  19. Bigam DL, Shapiro AMJ. Pancreatic Transplantation. Curr Treatment Options in Gastroenterol 2004; 7(5):329-341.

2003

  1. Orive G, Hernandez RM, Gascon AR, Calafiore R, Chang TMS, De Vos P, Hortelano G, Hunkeler D, Lacik I, Shapiro AMJ, Pedraz JL. Cell Encapsulation: Promise and Progress. Nature Medicine 2003; 9(1):104-107.
  2. Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JRT. Islet Transplant – A Secure Future for Cellular Replacement Therapy in Diabetes. Pract Diab Intl 2003; 20(4):1-5.
  3. Hathout E, Lakey JRT, Shapiro AMJ. Islet Transplant: An Option for Childhood Diabetes? Arch Dis Child 2003; 88(7):591-594.
  4. Shapiro AMJ. Islet Transplants and Impact on Secondary Diabetic Complications: Does C-Peptide Protect the Kidney? J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14:2214-2216.
  5. Lakey JRT, Burridge PW, Shapiro AMJ. Technical Aspects of Islet Preparation and Transplantation. Transpl Int 2003; 16(9):613-632.
  6. Oberholzer J, Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JR, Ryan EA, Rajotte RV, Korbutt GS, Morel P, Kneteman NM. Current Status of Islet Cell Transplantation. Adv Surg 2003; 37:253-282.
  7. Owen RJT, Ryan EA, O’Kelly K, Lakey FRT, McCarthy M, Paty BW, Bigam D, Kneteman NM, Korbutt GS, Rajotte RV, Shapiro AMJ. Percutaneous Transhepatic Pancreatic Islet Cell Transplantation in Type I Diabetes: Radiological Aspects. Radiology 2003; 229(1).
  8. Shapiro AMJ, Hering BJ, Ricordi C. Edmonton’s Success Has Indeed Been Replicated Elsewhere. The Lancet 2003; 362:1242.
  9. Toso C, Morel P, Bucher P, Shapiro AMJ, Mathe Z, Demuylder S, Bosco D, Berney T, Philippe J and Oberholzer J. Insulin-independence after Conversion to Tacrolimus and Sirolimus Based Immunosuppression in Islet-Kidney Recipients. Transplantation 2003; 76(7): 1133-1134.
  10. Rose NL, Palcic MM, Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JRT. An Evaluation of the Activation of Endogenous Pancreatic Enzymes During Human Islet Isolations. Transplantation Proceedings 2003; 35: 2455-7.
  11. Rose NL, Palcic MM, Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JRT. An Evaluation of Endogenous Pancreatic Enzyme Levels Following Enzymatic Digestion. Transplantation Proceedings 2003; 35:2458-60.
  12. Tsujimura T, Kuroda Y, Avila JG, Kin T, Churchill TA, Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JRT. Resuscitation of the Ischemically Damaged Human Pancreas by the Two-Layer Method Prior to Islet Isolation. Transplantation Proceedings 2003; 35: 2461-2.
  13. Shapiro AMJ, Nanji SA, Lakey JRT. Clinical Islet Transplant – Current and Future Directions Towards Tolerance. Immunological Reviews 2003; 196: 219-36.
  14. Rafael E, Ryan EA, Senior P, McDonald C, Paty BW, Imes S, Shapiro AMJ, Olberholzer J, Lakey JRT. Changes in Liver Enzymes After Clinical Islet Transplantation. Transplantation 2003; 76: 1280-4.

2002

  1. Shapiro AMJ, Suarez-Pinzon WL, Power R and Rabinovitch A. Combination Therapy with Low Dose Sirolimus and Tacrolimus is Synergistic in Preventing Spontaneous and Recurrent Autoimmune Diabetes in Non-Obese Diabetic Mice. Diabetologia 2002; 45:224-230.
  2. Rabinovich A, Suarez-Pinzon WL, Shapiro AMJ, Rajotte RV and Power R. Combination Therapy with Sirolimus and Interleukin-2 Induces Long-Term Prevention of Spontaneous and Recurrent Autoimmune Diabetes in NOD Mice. Diabetes 2002; 51:638-645.
  3. Lakey JRT, Tsujimura T, Shapiro AMJ and Kuroda Y. Human Pancreas Preservation Prior to Islet Isolation. Cell Preservation Technology 2002; 1(1): 81-87.
  4. Lakey JR, Kneteman NM, Rajotte RV, Wu DC, Bigam D and Shapiro AMJ. Effect of core pancreas temperature during cadaveric procurement on human islet isolation and functional viability. Transplantation 2002; 73(7): 1106-10.
  5. Ryan EA, Lakey JRT, Paty BW, Imes S, Korbutt GS, Kneteman NM, Bigam D, Rajotte RV and Shapiro AMJ. Successful Islet Transplantation: Continued Insulin Reserve Provides Long-Term Glycemic Control. Diabetes 2002; 51(7): 2148-57.
  6. Casey JJ, Lakey JRT, Ryan EA, Paty BW, Owen R, O’Kelly K, Nanji S, Rajotte RV, Korbutt GS, Bigam D, Kneteman NN and Shapiro AMJ. Portal Venous Pressure Changes following Sequential Clinical Islet Transplantation. Transplantation 2002; 74(7): 913-915.
  7. Shapiro AMJ , Ryan E, Rajotte R, Korbutt G, Kneteman N, Bigam D, Paty, B, Lakey JRT. Improved Function of Islet Grafts Under Steroid-Free Immunosuppression: Will Grafts Work Forever? Transplantation 2002; 73(9): 1528.
  8. Burridge PW, Shapiro AMJ, Ryan EA, Lakey JRT. Future Trends in Clinical Islet Transplantation. Transplantation Proceedings 2002; 34(8):3347-8.
  9. Paty BW, Ryan EA, Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JRT and Robertson RP. Intrahepatic Islet Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetic Patients Does Not Restore Hypoglycemic Hormonal Counterregulation or Symptom Recognition After Insulin Independence. Diabetes 2002; 51:3428-34.
  10. Shapiro AMJ . Eighty Years After Insulin: Parallels with Modern Islet Transplantation. CMAJ 2002; 167(12):1398-1400.
  11. Tsujimura, T, Kuroda Y, Kin T, Avila JG, Rajotte RV, Korbutt GS, Ryan EA, Shapiro AMJ, Lakey FRT. Human Islet Transplantation from Pancreases with Prolonged Cold Ischemia Using Additional Preservation by the Two-Layer (UW Solution/Perfluorochemical) Cold Storage Method. Transplantation 2002; 74(12):1687-91.

2001

  1. Shapiro AMJ, Ryan EA and Lakey JRT. Islet Cell Transplantation. The Lancet Suppl 2001; 358: S21
  2. Shapiro AMJ, Ryan E, Warnock G, Kneteman NM, Lakey J, Korbutt GS and Rajotte RV. Could fewer islet cells be transplanted in type 1 diabetes? Insulin independence should be the dominant force in islet transplantation. BMJ 2001; 322:861
  3. Lakey JRT, Helms LMH, Kin T, Korbutt GS, Rajotte RV, Shapiro AMJ and Warnock GL. Serine-Protease Inhibition During Islet Isolation Increases Islet Yield from Human Pancreases with Prolonged Ischemia. Transplantation 2001; 72 (4): 565.
  4. Ryan EA, Lakey JRT, Rajotte RV, Korbutt GS, Kin T, Imes S, Rabinovitch A, Elliott JF, Bigam D, Kneteman NM, Warnock GL, Larsen I and Shapiro AMJ. Clinical Outcomes and Insulin Secretion After Islet Transplantation with the Edmonton Protocol. Diabetes 2001; 50:710-719.
  5. Ryan EA, Lakey JR, Shapiro AMJ. Clinical Results After Islet Transplantation. J Investig Med 2001; 49(6):559-562.

2000

  1. Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JRT, Ryan EA, Korbutt GS, Toth E, Warnock GL, Kneteman NM and Rajotte RV. Islet Transplantation in Seven Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Using a Glucocorticoid-Free Immunosuppressive Regimen. N Engl J Med 2000; 343(4): 230-8.


For more information contact the Clinical Islet Transplant Program in Edmonton:

Clinical Islet Transplant Program
2000 College Plaza
8215-112th Street Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2C8
780-407-1501(phone)
780-407-3850(fax)
Email: isletprogram@islet.ca

 Copyright 2008 Clinical Islet Transplant Program